Pan-Africanism

Pan-Africanism is a political ideology and social movement advocating unity, solidarity, and liberation across the African continent. Beginning in the late 19th century, it drove 20th-century decolonization movements and led to the 1963 founding of the Organisation of African Unity (now African Union).

Pan-Africanism is reflected in many African flags. Red (blood shed in independence struggles), yellow/gold (African wealth and sun), and green (African land and hope) are called Pan-African colors, originating from the Ethiopian flag. Ghana, Senegal, Mali, Guinea, Cameroon, and many others use this color scheme.

A red-yellow-green tricolor flag very likely indicates an African country. However, Bolivia and Lithuania also use similar colors, so the continent remains important for confirmation.